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• • Tutoring in University Education as an Extended Perspective (Reality) and an Element of Inclusive Education

  • Tutoring as a certain architecture of academic excellence is a method of preparing students for work, creating conditions for further research activities, and restoring the personal growth function of university education, whose goal is to foster attitudes and values that are understood as universal goods (Dziedziczak-Foltyn, Karpińska-Musiał, Sarnat-Ciastko, 2020). The article consists of the following parts: an introduction and the main sections, presenting successively the basic theories, the applied methodology, the main analysis, and the final conclusions. The main objective of this paper is to organise the theoretical foundations of tutoring and present the results of a study conducted by a team of researchers from the Faculty of Arts and Educational Science at the University of Silesia in Katowice. The members of the above-mentioned tutoring research team are the authors of this article. The method applied in their research is qualitative analysis.

• • The Effectiveness of a Recreational Program in Decreasing the Level of Anxiety at COVID-19 and Improving Intellectually Disabled Children’s Social Interaction

  • The COVID-19 crisis has affected different life aspects; its greatest impact was perceived on the weakest social categories, including intellectually disabled people, as precautionary measures have imposed more restrictions upon them. This study, thus, aims at decreasing the anxiety level at COVID-19 as well as improving mild intellectually disabled children’s social interaction. The sample of the study consists of 10 intermediate intellectually disabled children, enrolled in the 1^st to the 3^rd intermediate stages in intellectual disability programs in Riyadh, ranging from (12 to 15) years old, with an age-average (13.8). The study relied on the quasi- experimental method where the recreational program is the independent variable whereas anxiety and social interaction skills are the dependent ones.  As such, the study depends on a number of tools that are prepared by the researcher, COVID-19 anxiety scale, social interaction scale of intellectually disabled children during COVID-19 period, and the recreational program. The findings of the study disclosed the effectiveness of the program in decreasing the anxiety level and improving the social interaction level of intellectually disabled children. The study recommends carrying out more research about using recreational programs in decreasing some issues from which intellectually disabled children suffer due to COVID-19 as well as stressing the importance of practicing recreational and entertaining activities for mentally disabled children in and outdoor, while following the precautionary measures, or virtually if this is not possible.