Identity Construction in the Digital Age: The Influence of Social Media on the Self-Perception of Ecuadorian Adolescents
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Identity construction in the digital era is a complex process in which social media plays a central role during adolescence. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of these platforms on the personal and cultural identity of Ecuadorian adolescents, with emphasis on self-perception, self-esteem, and sense of belonging. Its relevance lies in understanding how digital environments affect youth psychosocial development in Latin American contexts, where cultural dynamics shape the appropriation of digital practices.
Methods: The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, with a correlational scope and a non-experimental design. A total of 350 adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age from public and private educational institutions in Ecuador participated. Two structured questionnaires were administered, validated by expert judges and showing adequate reliability (0.87 for the Adolescent Identity Scale and 0.89 for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multivariate analysis, in accordance with the stated objectives.
Results: The results showed that intensive use of platforms such as TikTok and Instagram is associated with higher levels of social comparison, directly affecting self-perception. An ambivalent relationship with self-esteem was also observed: digital feedback reinforces confidence in some cases, but promotes dissatisfaction in others. Likewise, social media constitutes a space for identity expression and support for adolescents from minority groups, such as the LGTBIQ+ community.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the influence of social media on adolescent identity is not uniform, but depends on factors such as gender, intensity of use, and cultural context. This study provides situated evidence on Ecuadorian adolescents and contributes to the international debate on identity and digital life.