Developing Video Tutorial-Based Learning Media to Improve Coaches’, Players’, and Referees’ Understanding of Futsal Laws of the Game

Abstract

The understanding of futsal game rules among coaches, players, and referees remains an important issue in competitive futsal, particularly because rule interpretation in match situations often depends on rapid decision-making and accurate perception of incidents. Conventional rule education is generally delivered through printed guidebooks and short technical meetings, which may not provide sufficient visual and situational explanation of complex game incidents. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of video tutorial-based educational media for improving understanding of futsal game rules among coaches, players, and referees. The study employed a research and development design using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The product was validated by a futsal rules expert, a multimedia expert, and an instructional practitioner. The validation results showed improvement in all assessment aspects after revision. Material validation increased from 60% to 92%, media validation increased from 63% to 78%, and learning aspect validation increased from 73% to 94%. The implementation results also showed that the video tutorial improved participants’ understanding of futsal game rules, as indicated by an increase in the mean score from 63.53 in the pretest to 93.46 in the posttest. These findings indicate that video tutorial-based educational media is feasible and effective as an alternative learning resource for explaining futsal game rules. The media provides visual examples of fouls, referee signals, restart procedures, and match situations, which may help reduce misinterpretation and support fair play in futsal competitions.