Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Enhanced Magnesium Alloys: Properties, Fabrication, and Applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology has provided new methods for improving the properties of magnesium alloys through its various forms of structural and surface modifications at the nanoscale. By using either ex-situ addition of nanoparticles (e.g., ceramic particles like silicon carbide, alumina, carbon nanotubes, or graphene) or in-situ processing techniques (like mechanical alloying, severe plastic deformation, or powder metallurgy), along with nano-coatings or surface functionalization, the nanotechnology approach can provide a significant enhancement to the mechanical, thermal, and functional characteristics of magnesium alloys. The nanotechnology method utilizes nanoscale engineering and control over the distribution of nanoparticles within a material to create nanocomposites or nanostructured magnesium alloys. A review of the methods available for fabricating nano-structured magnesium alloys is conducted here; this review examines the enhancements that have been demonstrated in grain size reduction, dislocation strengthening, load transfer, and corrosion/abrasion resistance through the use of these various nanotechnology methods. In addition, recent progress made in using nanotechnology to produce lightweight, high strength, durable, and multifunctional magnesium alloys is reviewed; it is noted that the applications include automotive, aerospace, energy, and medical devices. Finally, the challenges of scaling up the manufacturing of these materials and the need for developing cost-effective and environmentally sustainable methods for producing nano-structured magnesium alloys are discussed.