The Social Facts Perspective on Educational and Performative Values in Javanese Jaranan

Abstract

This discussion examines the social facts perspective on Javanese Jaranan performance by exploring the interrelationship between its educational values (nilai tuntunan) and performative values (nilai tontonan) as living cultural practices within society. From a sociological perspective, Jaranan is understood not merely as a traditional performing art but also as a cultural institution that embodies collective norms, values, and social consciousness that shape and regulate community life. The educational values are manifested through the transmission of moral principles, ethical conduct, discipline, mutual cooperation, social responsibility, respect for elders, and the reinforcement of cultural identity during rehearsals, performances, and communal artistic activities. Meanwhile, the performative values are reflected in the artistic presentation of choreography, musical accompaniment, costumes, make-up, and dramatic elements that foster public appreciation and participation.

The discussion demonstrates that educational and performative values exist in a dialectical relationship. Educational values provide the moral and cultural foundation for the performance, whereas performative values function as an effective medium through which these cultural values are communicated and transmitted to the wider community. This reciprocal relationship enables Jaranan to preserve its educational function while simultaneously fulfilling the aesthetic expectations of contemporary audiences.

From the perspective of social facts, the sustainability of Javanese Jaranan is determined not only by its artistic quality but also by its capacity to reproduce collective values that strengthen social solidarity and communal identity. Consequently, Jaranan should be understood as a cultural system that simultaneously integrates educational, social, and aesthetic functions. The dynamic balance between educational and performative values constitutes a fundamental mechanism for sustaining cultural transmission and reinforcing the continuity of Javanese Jaranan as an intangible cultural heritage that remains relevant amidst ongoing social and cultural transformation.